A. Affirmative
Agreement
When indicating that one person pr
thing does something and then adding that another does the same. Use the
word so or too. To avoid needless repetition of words from the
affirmative statement, use the conjunction and followed by a simple
statement using so or too. The order of this statement will
depend on whether so or too is used.
1. When a form of the verb be is
used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple
statement that follows.
Affirmative statement (be) + and + subject + verb (be) + too
so
+ verb (be) + subject
e.g. I am happy. You are happy
-
I am happy and you are too
-
I am happy and so are you
2. When a compound verb
(auxiliary + verb), for example, will go, should do, has done,
have written, must examine, etc. occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of
the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must
agree.
Affirmative statement + and + subject + auxiliary only + too
so + auxiliary only + subject
e.g. They will work in the lab
tomorrow. You will work in the lab tomorrow.
-
They will work in the lab tomorrow and you will too
-
They will work in the lab tomorrow and so will you
3. When any
verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main
clause, the auxiliarydo, does, or did is used in simple statement.
The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.
Affirmative statement + and +
subject + do, does, or did + too
(single verb except
be) so + do, does,
or did + subject
e.g. Jane goes to that school. My
sister goes to school
-
Jane goes to school and my sister does too
-
Jane goes to school and so does my sister
B. Negative Agreement
Either and Neither function
in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences.
However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement.
The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Negative statement + and + subject +
negative auxiliary or be + either
neither + positive auxiliary +
subject
e.g. I didn’t see Mary this
morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
-
I didn’t see Mary this morning and John didn’t either
-
I didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John
- She hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the movie
yet.
-
She hasn’t seen the movie yet and I haven’t either
-
She hasn’t seen the movie yet and neither have .
C. Negation
To make a sentence negative, add
the negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb be. If there is no
auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does, or did and place in word
not after that.
e.g. John is
rich John is
not rich
Mark has
seen Bill Mark has not
seen Bill
The following examples contain no
auxiliary and thus use do, does, or did.
e.g. Marvin likes
spinach Marvin does not like spinach
They went to
class They did not go to class
Some/any
If there is a noun in the
complement of a negative sentence, one should add the particle any before the
noun.
Some affirmative
sentences
Any negative
sentences and question
e.g. John has some money
John
doesn’t have any money
Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom,
etc.
Remember that in an English
sentence it is usually incorrect to have two negatives together. This is called
a double negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following
words have a negative meaning and, thus, must be used with a positive verb
Hardly almost
nothing
Barely mean or
Scarcely almost
not at all
Rarely
Seldom mean almost
never
Hardly ever
e.g. She scarcely remembers the
accident (she almost doesn’t remember the accident)
We seldom
see phone of these animals (we almost never see photos of these animals)
D. Commands
A command is an imperative
statement. One person orders another to do something. It can be preceded
by please. The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the
verb.
Close the door
Leave the room
Please turn off the
light Open your
book
Negative commands: A negative
command is formed by adding the word don’t before the verb.
Don’t close the door
Please don’t turn off the
light
Indirect commands: Usually the
verbs order, ask, tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect
command. They are followed by the infinitive (to + verb).
Jack asked Jill to
turn off the light
The policeman ordered the
suspect to be quite
Negative Indirect commands: to make
an indirect command negative, add the particle not before the infinitive.
Subject + verb + complement + not + (verb in infinitive)
e.g. The
teacher told Christopher not to open the window
Please tell Jeime not to leave the room.
Soal dan Jawabannya:
1. Rose likes to fly, and her
brother does too.
2. They will leave at noon, and I
will too.
3. He has an early appointment,
and so do I.
4. She has already written her
composition, and so have her friends.
5. Their plane is arriving at nine
o’clock, and so is mine.
6. The children shouldn’t take that
medicine, and neither should she.
7. We don’t plan to attend the
concert, and neither do they.
8. I don’t like tennis, and he
doesn’t either.
9. They won’t have to work on
weekends, and we won’t either.
10. That scientist isn’t too happy
with the project, and neither are her supervisors.
Referensi :
No comments:
Post a Comment